Sour provides an extensive review of the book “Causes Won, Lost, and Forgotten: How Hollywood and Popular Art Shape What We Know about the Civil War” written by Gary W. Gallagher, in which he analyzes four themes: the Lost Cause, the Union Cause, the Emancipation Cause and the Reconciliation Cause.  The Lost Cause refers to “downplays the importance of slavery and stresses Confederate gallantry against great odds.”  The Union Cause refers to “illegality of secession and the bravery of those who fought it” while the Emancipation Cause means the war to end slavery.  Lastly, the Reconciliation Cause praises the unification of the nation after the hostility toward each other.  He argues that although films often depict these concepts, the most effectively portrayed is often the Lost Cause.  Many Hollywood films fail to express the other three concepts, especially the Emancipation Cause, in which Gallagher wishes to achieve appreciation for the Northern soldiers for fighting in the Civil War. 

Sour, TWT. “Cinematic script as history; Book shows how films shape popular understanding of period.” The Washington Times 1 Mar. 2008: D03.

John Patterson’s article “Film & Music: Up Front: On film: It's Black History Month in the US - the perfect time to rerelease films that Hollywood considers too embarrassing to show for today” expresses annoyance of many films disappearing for its explicitly racial content.  He understands that the content may be offensive, such as "Song of the South" and "Gone with the Wind," which are “racially questionable hit” and "Mandingo," a melodrama on the effects of slavery on victims and pratitioners.  Patterson in conclusion expresses that these movies should be back in circulation because viewers now have broader understanding of differences in perspectives based on time periods and changes. 

Patterson, John. “Film & Music: Up Front: On film: It’s Black History Month in the United States - the perfect time to rerelease films that Hollywood considers too embarrassing to show for today.”  The Guardian 29 Feb. 2008: 2.

Margaret Marini states the differences between men and women are natural for biological reasons but there are some stereotypical differences based on social roles and status.  She believes that the role of breadwinner has always been the male's responsibility and therefore female breadwinner or working women are considered masculine, unfit or inappropriate.  While these stereotypes are changing, it is still prevalent in the society.

Marini, Margaret M. “Sex and Gender: What Do We Know?” Sociological Forum 5.1 (1990): 95-120.

Julian Bach argues that there is always the clash between traditional and liberal beliefs about slavery.  He mentions that slavery was “natural and historically universal, but it was vindicated by political, social, and economic expediency.”  Also, he believes that the Southerners consider freedom a privilege or a rank that they have received so they are very unwilling to share that "status" with African-Americans who previously were under their control.  These thoughts of the Southerners confront those of the Northerners who are more experimental and liberal, creating tension between the two regions.   

Bach, Julian S. "The Social Thought of the Old South." The American Journal of Sociology 46.2 (1940): 179-188. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2769450>.

Fleisig's article "Slavery, the Supply of Agricultural Labor, and the Industrialization of the South" argues that it was the North that had to turn to industrialization because of the limited source of labor.  He mentions the numerous attempts of the North to create another way of pulling labor sources without using slavery, as the South had done to avoid the problem.  The South then continued to rely heavily on slavery, while the North began to industrialize.

Fleisig, Heywood. “Slavery, the Supply of Agricultural Labor, and the Industrialization of the South.” The Journal of Economic History 36.3 (1976): 572-597.

George Woolfolk addresses one of the problems created with slavery: taxation.  Because slaves were considered property, slave owners were forced to pay tax on slaves, which they found unfair; therefore, they demanded a new taxation law to improve the conditions.  After the taxation law, slaves under 14 were tax-exempt while those over 14 were still accountable for taxes.  While this law didn't completely eliminate the problem, it reduced the tension in the antebellum South.

Woolfolk, George R. "Taxes and Slavery in the Antebellum South." The Journal of Southern History 26.2 (1960): 180-200. < http://www.jstor.org/stable/2955182>.

Leslie Harris writes her review of Ar'n't I a Woman? written by Deborah Gray White and compliments White's accurate depiction of slave women and their lifestyles.  Harris mentions that the relationship between enslaved women and men was unusually egalitarian, sharing roles within the family.  Also, they had different ways of sharing and "transmitting moral, sexual, and marital knowledge." She argues that this piece of writing serves as a basis for many studies of the gendered history of slavery, yet it still needs to further investigate the private lives of enslaved women.

Harris, Leslie. “Ar'n't I a Woman?, Gender, and Slavery Studies.”  Journal of Women's History  19.2 (2007): 151-155,211. GenderWatch (GW). ProQuest.  University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.  1 Dec. 2008 < http://elinks.library.upenn.edu/sfx_local?genre=article;issn=10427961;title=Journal%20of%20Women%27s%20History;volume=19;issue=2;date=20070601;atitle=%22Ar%27n%27t%20I%20a%20Woman%3F%2C%22%20Gender%2C%20and%20Slavery%20Studies.;spage=151;sid=EBSCO%3Akeh;pid=Harris%2C%20Leslie2578359020070601keh.>

Helen Taylor's "Scarlett's Women: Gone With the Wind and its Female Fans" shows how Gone with the Wind still has a profounding effect in the media world and how much of an impact the book/film can bring to the audience both emotionally and intellectually.  Taylor writes that the press regularly presents articles on Gone with the Wind; educational materials also feature Gone with the Wind.  This "Gone with the Wind madness" seems endless.  In addition, throughout the book, Taylor includes various anecdotes and "testimonies" from various viewers/readers who have seen/read Gone with the Wind and showed their reactions to the piece.  She argues that the viewers/readers' amusement toward the film/book affected their emotions.  She also includes biographical information of the stars of the movie in the book.

Taylor, Helen. Scarlett's Women: Gone with the Wind and Its Female Fans. Rutgers, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1989. 

Dancis begins with criticizing how old "plantation epics" misrepresents the African-American slaves during the time.  For example, "Gone with the Wind" and "The Birth of a Nation" give the audience the distorted perspective of many aspects of history, including slavery, the Civil War and the Reconstruction.  However, he argues, many films have been improving this chaotic misrepresentation and begun to accurately portray African-Americans in history.  For example, "To Kill a Mockingbird" is considered "an attempt by Hollywood to make it right, and it works. It is a landmark Hollywood film that vividly portrays racism in the 1930s."  Dancis lists numerous movies that have done a much better job of depicting African-Americans.

Dancis, Bruce. “A Sharper Focus on Black History: After a Flickering Start, Filmdom Has Gotten Better at Portraying the African American Experience.” The Sacramento Bee (2008). <http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=keh&AN=2W62W61571901384&site=ehost-live>.

Patterson's article describes different perspectives of slavery, including Marxist and non-Marxist slavery studies and also gives the guideline for students who are conducting studies on comparative slavery.  Patterson provides a list of various areas in which researchers have yet to study and suggests that these fields must be investigated in order to further examine the history of slavery and different beliefs many people hold about slavery.  While this articles does not provide thorough history of slavery and its development, it gives the idea of the general transitional sketch of slavery.

Patterson, Orlando. “Slavery.” Annual Review of Sociology 3 (1977): 407-449.