In this article Kahn and Kellner discuss how subcultures evolve as media technology evolves. The internet allows for programs like file sharing, list serves and blogging, which connects large groups of people to communicate about specific subjects. In this sense, subcultures tend to be politically resistant and activist tempant according to Kahn and Kellner. The articles also explains how subcultures identify with a certain corporal identity as media conglomerates grow larger and larger...ie. microsoft vs. netscape, and yahoo vs. Alta Vista.

This article correlates with Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc article. The L.E. Associates distinguished the differences between popular and consumer culture and how consumer culture affects audience society. Richards writes of how the fault of consumer culture traces back to the advertisers as they create economic censorchip.

Naik and Raman define the integrated marketing communcations model and conceptualitize it into today's major media conglomerates. Media conglomerates need mergers in order to get consumers to multi-task with the media. With so many sources of media available, consumers have grown desenitized from advertisement. Each median enhances the contribution of all other media, therefore synergy allows the media conglomerates to have an advantage of directing the consuption of the audience.

This article shows the fight between Clear Channel and an independent concert venue in Denver. Because clear channel owns all the pop-music radio stations in Denver, they havethe power to control concert promotions in Denver. The concert venue must fulfill Clear Channel's request or they could possibly go out of business. I will use this example show how mergers take away a filteration level in Hirsch's model, therefore showing the pre-selection of what media will be successful.

This article shows how audiences consume media and its ideas. Sivlestone writes of two levels to appraoch implicatio nof comminication and technology for corporations, one being a phenomenological level and the other making a balance between family and state. Consumers construct social networks with everything they view or percieve. Corporations must realize these network boundries and target them to sell their product.

This article appeared in the New York Times as media mergers were becoming popular. Lohr explains that the media mergers are able to save corporations money, gain a grasp on a larger audiences, and eventually conseptualize what will be popular in the future. This correlates with Klein's book, of which the Virgin corporation can advertise on their own radio stations, sell their own cds in strategic spots, and cut down costs on overall production.

This book is a collection of essays that concentrate on the three diferent appraoches to analyzing popular culture and how it reacts to the media.  These authors write of the functionalist, critical and interactionalist approaches.  Each shows how communities form through fandom or fadom.  Neither can ever exist at the same time.

Matt Hills writes of his comprehensive research on fans and fan theory.  He uses examploes like elvis impersonators, X-Philes and Trekkers to challenge the established paradigms of fan theory.  Hills goes on to argue that as more media and forums are established, fandom begins to weaken in strength.  However, there are more subjects of fandom that are created from these new availabilities.

This book is a collection of essays that distinguish the differences between fans and subcultures.  As consumers, we do something with the media we consume.  However, fans take what they consume and use it as a source or inspiration to create their own art, ideas, or writings.  Subcultures live through what they consume.  For instances, people who attend Insane Clown Posie concerts cover their bodies with paint.  These people are subcultures as they enjoy a certain type of music and dress a certain way.  For bands that use the lyrics of the group as inspiration or sources of ideas are fans, because they take what they consumed and build on it.

Williams argues the conflict between individual and community attitudes.  He states that communities build on differences rather than homogenity.  However, with media mergers, these differences are disappearing as populations continue to follows fads.  He states the money and power need to be remoralized in a world that follows what the corporate chooses to be popular.

Persky writes of the market place versus media forum.  They both play off of each other.  However, as companies like Virgin merge and grow into conglomerates, they begin to control both the market place and media forum.  Companies like Virgin are able to control what the consumer views as advertisiments, and what they consume in the market place.  Ultimately, the audience does not have say in what they purchase, therefore a switch from fandom to fadism.

Gripsurd uses the philosphies of Strauss, Bourdieu, Durkheim, and Weber to define social capital and its importance in today's current society.  It is necessary for one to gain cultural capital in order to be succesful.  By having a great knowledge of popular culture, one is able to network and gain cultural capital.  Therefore, it is important to accept the media and what it instructs to be popular.

In this article, Boehlert writes of how a merger is about to occur between Hispanic Broadcasting Corporation and Univision.  The new company would control over 70% of the market.  It turns out that Clear Channel is HBC's largest shareholder.  Critics claim that Bush and conservative Republicans have pledge to help Clear Channel in the merger.  Boehlert shows the interwine of politics and media conglomerates, and how political bias is conveyed into every medai viewing.

Gabriel Rossman uses the Dixie Chicks incident of when they openly spoke out against Bush to show how synergy is creating corporate censorhip.  Companies like Clear Channel may not be as quick to black list the Dixie Chicks, but when they do, they can eliminate radio play, concert advertising, the concerts themselves, and future success.  This correlates with the media conglomerates directing the audience what to like, thus a move from fandom to fadism.

In her section titled 'No Choice', Klein incorporates the ideas of brand bombing, synergy and corporate censorship with media audiences.  Klein argues that the economy is changing into a direction of which audiences are told what to look, rather than given choices.  Bigger and better goods are constantly produced and sold, forcing these consumers to continously like newer things.  This idea helps with my paper showing our culture changing from fandom to fadism.

Clinton's regulation and task force goals

Silverstone performs a study on 20 families in south east England, analying the domestic boundries of media consumption.  He concludes there are two different levels of media consumption, however, as the media continues to merge, they create the domestic boundries.

Hirsch argues there are three levels of entertainment production.  Between each set of levels lies boundry spanners which filter what entertainment will be sucessful.  The object of this model is to use the media to filter and minimize the risk of producing an unsucessful artist.

Alger writes of the top media conglomerates and how they influence consumer culture.  He describes the biggest dozen conglomerates, all they own, and how they formed.  He also talks about the Telecommunications Act of 1996 and its influence on private media ownership.

McAllister writes of the differences between popular and commerical culture; popular culture being authentic while commerical culture is made to be popular.  He argues in a world where consumers are being bombarded with advertisements, companies are now coming together in the practice of synergy to promote their products in every which way.  People are no longer consider consumers as they are mislead by the continually change of popularity.

In this book, Evan writes of how the latest media trend is to combine and form mega-conglomerates.  He writes of their business strategies, explaining the practice of synergy.  He also shows how it affects audiences and their cultures.