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Bibliography Project: Bambi (1942)

Thesis: Disney's feature-length, animated film "Bambi" is not simply a movie for children, an idea advanced by the notable "Disneyfication" of its story and characters. Rather, the Disney Company has been accused of incorporating outside influences and covert messages into the film's storyline. Such messages have the ability to influence audience members emotionally, psychologically, and intellectually, and have continued to do so since the film's original release in 1942. Conclusion: In conclusion, Disney's film "Bambi" has used covert messages and worldly influences to stir both emotional and motivational responses from its viewers.

Walt Disney : Hollywood's dark prince : a biography / by Marc Eliot.

A section of Chapter 13 from Marc Eliot's book Walt Disney: Hollywood's Dark Prince attributes the "emotional power" of the film to its "autobiographical complexities" (Eliot 178). Readers learn the Bambi was created during the same period of time when both of Walt Disney's parents died. For this reason, Walt suggested a "melancholic desire" to revisit his "childhood and...the animals who first stirred his artistic soul" (Eliot 178-179). The impossibility of his desire, however, is shown through the "fire that destroys Bambi's forest" (Eliot 179).

Eliot's mention of Walt's direct influence on the overall tone and visual appeal of the animated feature Bambi demonstrates yet another influence that shaped the Disney classic. The mixed tones of the film, ranging from the joyful, carefree one emanated from the adorable, lovable woodland creature to the dark, sinister one as a result of Bambi's mother's death and the climatic fire that destroys Bambi's home, directly reflect Walt's own struggle with coming to terms with the death of his parents. Walt thus transfers his own grief to the viewers' emotions.

Eliot, Marc. . Walt Disney : Hollywood's dark prince : a biography / by Marc Eliot. 155972174X : series Secaucus, N.J. : Carol Pub. Group, c1993.
Call#: Van Pelt Library NC1766.U52 D5328 1993

JSTOR: Ralph H. Lutts-The Trouble With Bambi: Walt Disney's Bambi and the American Vision of Nature-Forest and Conservation History 1992

Ralph H. Lutts' article "The Trouble With Bambi: Walt Disney's Bambi and the American Vision of Nature" focuses on the scope of Disney's influence within the American culture. His central argument throughout the text is that the character of Bambi "has played and continues to play" an important role "in shaping American attitudes about" and their "understanding of deer and woodland life" (Lutts 160). Although Lutts mentions a few important effects of Bambi, including its impact on viewers, especially young children, regarding the loss of a parent, he mainly addresses the film's strong anti-hunting message. This message is conveyed to viewers on a purely emotional level. Disney animators created a visual environment with loveable, sympathetic characters whose emotions are directly transferred to those of the audience members. This, in turn, has resulted in the popularization of the name "Bambi" as being synonymous with the term "deer" and being sentimental (Lutts 168). In addition to the support Bambi raised for opposition to hunting, the film caused a national debate over the timeless practice and raised many questions about the use of and necessity of it.

Lutt's article is important because it provides an example of how Disney movies influence the American public. Not only did Bambi arouse anti-hunting advocacy, it also stirred a debate on a national level regarding hunting in general. It demonstrates that Bambi was not simply a cartoon movie, but faced real-life problems, for instance, the harm of hunting and man's sometimes ignorant manners in dealing with nature. This is seen when Bambi's mother is killed by hunters and later when the forest is set ablaze as a result of the careless hunters. These scenes from the film evoke emotional reactions in the viewers and show them that they are responsible for nature and that care needs to be enforced in protecting it from destruction.

Lutts, Ralph H. "The Trouble With Bambi: Walt Disney's Bambi and the American Vision of Nature." Forest and Conservative History Vol. 36, No.4 (Oct 1992) 160-171.

LexisNexisB. Academic: Mark Henderson-Disney Cartoons 'Contain Secret Messages on the Environment'-The Times (London) 2008

Mark Henderson's article "Disney Cartoons 'Contain Hidden Messages on the Environment" talks of how Disney films, like Bambi, The Jungle Book, and Pocahontas, have continually played an important role in "educating the public about the environment" (Henderson 28). Although Disney movies are generally viewed as "little more than escapism," many have featured messaged on "conservation and the relationship between people and the natural world" (Henderson 28). Bambi significantly influenced many to become environmentalists and initiated a movement for environmental activism.

Henderson's article is significant because it demonstrates yet another effect the Disney film Bambi had on its audiences. The idyllic portrayal of nature and animals influenced many people to become more aware of the threats humans pose to their natural environment. According to the article, many conservationists and green activists cite Bambi as their initial impetus for becoming involved in environmental work.

Henderson, Mark. "Disney Cartoons 'Contain Hidden Messages on the Environment." The Times (London) Home News Section (25 Mar 2008) 28.

Gospel according to Disney : faith, trust, and pixie dust / Mark I. Pinsky.

Chapter Seven (Bambi (1942): Man Is In the Forest) from Mark Pinksy's book entitled The Gospel According to Disney: Faith, Trust, and Pixie Dust summarizes the story of Bambi. An overall, uniting factor to the film itself is an emphasis on relationships. The relationships of Bambi throughout the film include: a maternal one with his mother, friendships with Thumper and Flower, and lastly, the romantic union with Faline. All of the relationships serve to teach children about maturing and growing up.

Pinksy's chapter devoted to Bambi reveals another life lesson that has been infused into this Disney film. This message shows viewers the levels of relationships one progresses through during one's maturation into adulthood. Even though Disney tells this somewhat straightforward message, it is guilty of "Disneyfying" it, skirting around the issue of the birds and the bees by describing "sexual attraction" as a matter of "'twitterpation'" (Pinksy 49). This is necessary, for Disney's primary audience is young children. On the other hand, critics have been stringent in their attacks against Disney's infusion of "Disneyfied" messages throughout their animated films.

Pinsky, Mark I., 1947- . Gospel according to Disney : faith, trust, and pixie dust / Mark I. Pinsky. 1st ed. 0664225918 (alk. paper) series Louisville, Ky. : Westminster John Knox Press, c2004.
Call#: Van Pelt Library PN1999.W27 P56 2004

LexisNexisB. Academic: David Wilkes-After 66 Years, Bambi is Still Making Us Cry-Daily Mail (London) 2008

David Wilkes's newspaper article entitled "After 66 Years, Bambi is Still Making Us Cry" informs readers that a recent poll reveals that the Disney animated film Bambi is considered the greatest "tear-jerker of all time," beating out other films such as Titanic and Ghost. The impact of the film on viewers has caused great emotional reactions, such as Sir Paul McCartney's that led him to become interested in animal rights. The article continues with studies that suggest that watching television shows or movies that showcase manipulation and aggression have a similar effect as from watching graphic violence, namely, viewers may be more aggressive and unkind.

Wilkes's article provides evidence of the reality that watching films can evoke emotional reactions from audience members. Although Bambi is an animated film, it has been named one of the saddest movies of all time. This is due to the combination of anthropomorphized characters and the film's focus on dealing with very real emotions and events that viewers relate to with great ease. The greatest example of this in Bambi occurs when Bambi's mother is killed by hunters. Although the actual action of the killing is never shown on screen, audiences have reacted consistently upon viewing this scene, that is, with great sadness. Afterwards, Bambi is shown searching the snow covered ground for his mother. His father then appears and states that "Your mother can't be with you anymore." People most likely relate to this particular scene because it showcases one of the greatest fears humans possess, the fear of losing a parent.

Wilkes, David. "After 66 Years, Bambi is Still Making Us Cry." Daily Mail (London) 1st Edition (13 Oct 2008) 22.

HighBeam Research: Ebert-Despite its cuteness, `Bambi' is serious stuff -Article from Chicago Sun-Times 1988

Roger Ebert's review of Disney's Bambi in the Chicago Sun Times admits that it is one of the greatest "heartbreaking" movies of all time, but that it contains many messages that wash over viewers who do not take the time to ponder the film. Ebert questions whether Bambi is appropriate for young children to watch since it contains some very serious matter, such as "sexism, nihilism, and despair" (Ebert 1). Children learn such things as the absentness of fathers, the domestic role of mothers who carry the sole responsibility in raising their offspring, and that "courtship is a matter of 'first love'" where the way to win the affection of the opposite gender is through physical aggression (Ebert 1).

Ebert's thoughts and analysis of Disney's Bambi reveal some alternative explanations of covert messages witnessed throughout this film. His work is relevant to this thesis because it expresses other possible interpretations of the movie. Once again, the Disney Company has been accused of instilling their works with hidden messages and meanings, some of which were explored in other articles. These messages have the ability to influence viewers, especially younger children in their formative years of development. Here, there is a change from the usual fear that Bambi instills in children in regards to the death of Bambi's mother and rather shifts the fear to the children's parents, who may be shocked to learn of the messages the film is advancing.

Ebert, Roger. "Despite its Cuteness, `Bambi' is Serious Stuff." Chicago Sun Times. 1988.