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Mycobacterium bovis infection in animals and humans / [edited by] Charles O. Thoen, James H. Steele, Michael J. Gilsdorf.

. Mycobacterium bovis infection in animals and humans / [edited by] Charles O. Thoen, James H. Steele, Michael J. Gilsdorf. 2nd ed. 0813809193 (alk. paper) series Ames, Iowa : Blackwell Pub., 2006.
Call#: New Bolton Library RC311.19 .M93 2006
Call#: Biomedical Library BIOMED RC311.19 .M93 2006
Call#: New Bolton Library
Call#: Biomedical Library BIOMED

Globalization of Chinese food / edited by David Y.H. Wu and Sidney C.H. Cheung.

Zhongguo yin shi wen hua xue shu yan tao hui (5th : 1997 : Taipei, Taiwan) . Globalization of Chinese food / edited by David Y.H. Wu and Sidney C.H. Cheung. 0824825829 (alk. paper) series Honolulu : University of HawaiJ;i Press, c2002.
Call#: University Museum Library MUSEUM GT2853.C6 G56 2002

Evolution of a Large Online Social Network

Evolution of a Large Online Social Network focuses on Weaklink, one of the largest online social networks in China, to illuminate its exposition of social networking’s evolution. The author created his own profile while adding anonymous friends. To monitor the evolution of the social network, the user logged in for a specific amount of time in order to evaluate when (and how) the networking developed. The article catalogues the initial peak interest, garnered among a few hardcore aficionados who transmitted their enthusiasm to their joining friends. Later, users habituated towards social networking’s novelty; the euphoria since declined. Interestingly, the article notes that most relationships were created between two old users or one old user and one new user. Ultimately, the virtual world encourages engagement by shattering invisible boundaries between social groups.

This piece provides a general overview of how social networks develop. The discussion regarding the rise, fall, and plateau of interest in social networking provides valuable insight to how social networks are formed and – more importantly – who forms them and for what purpose(s).

Google and Big Music Labels Bet on Free Downloads in China

Barboza, David. "Google and Music Labels bet on Downloads in China." The New York Times. 5 April 2009.

This article addresses one of the most recent experiments in new profit models based on digital music: Google's free music search engine in China. Very recently, several of the biggest international record labels partnered with Google and a Chinese company (top100.com) to offer a free music-download service. Because online piracy of music is particularly rampant in China, the success of this model could have lasting implications on policies in the US. The New York Times article offers both critical and supportive opinions on the initiative. Notably, Google will have to struggle to contain the music-downloading to China, employing "legal and technical hurdles."

The partnership of Google with major international music labels represents a new way for record companies to remain profitable without trying to stop free music downloads. This unlimited-download service is supported not through subscription, but by advertisements. Although it is difficult to anticipate the success of such a model, the adoption of this idea certainly reflects a major change in the way that the entertainment industry is approaching its consumers. The willingness of labels (even on this controlled scale) to abandon control over music distribution to this degree is a symptom of their desperation, certainly. However, it is likely also a necessary move towards a new kind of support for music development.

Bibliography of Asian Studies

America on Film: Representing Race

Benshoff, Harry M and Griffin, Sean. America on Film: Representing Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality at the Movies. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2004.

In chapter six of America on Film, Benshoff and Griffin provide commentary on the representation of Asians in Hollywood films during the silent film era and the “classical” 1930s Hollywood films. The chapter suggests that immigration legislation, like the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the Immigration Act of 1924, were indicative of pervasive Western prejudices and fears that were then perpetuated in popular film. Asians in movies were almost never represented as Asian-Americans but rather, as exoticized “orientals” living in exaggeratedly aestheticized foreign landscapes. Also, the roles of Asians in most films were filled by Western actors in “yellowface,” as was the case with General Yen’s character in Bitter Tea. The chapter also discusses at length two well-known Asian characters of early film history – Charlie Chan and Fu Man Chu. Both are characters of detective-genre film played by white actors, and both embody what is known as the “inscrutable Oriental” stereotype. Charlie Chan is akin to the classical Holmesian detective, but is more comical and often spews “old Chinese wisdom.” Fu Man Chu, similar to Chan in many regards, is an evil genius who exacts obscure and ghastly forms of “Chinese” torture on his unfortunate victims.

This chapter provided contextual information that is important to understanding the kinds of preconceptions viewers of the 1930s might have had about Chinese, or more generally Asian, culture. Was General Yen a character unique to film at the time of Bitter Tea’s release? He’s seems not to have been. In fact, his character fairly well suits the “inscrutable Oriental” stereotype discussed by Benshoff and Griffin, in that he is both shrewdly perceptive and intelligent, and at the same time, subtly menacing (as demonstrated by his brutally pragmatic indifference about executing his prisoners during times of economic crisis and famine). Yen, like Chan, says several cryptic “fortune-cookie” type maxims throughout the film. Even Mah-Li’s character, the wily concubine, seems to fit the description of another stereotyped character mentioned in the chapter called the Dragon Lady, a seductive and treacherous female spy who fools men with her sexual wiles.

Frank Capra's "The Bitter Tea of General Yen" - A Bibliography

Frank Capra's 1933 film "The Biter Tea of General Yen" was given the honor of premiering at the grand opening of New York City's Radio City Music Hall. With a budget of around $1 million dollars, it was one of Columbia Studio's most ambitious high-profile projects to date. Despite this, the movie immediately revealed itself to be a box-office flop, one of only two of Capra's moves to prove financially unsuccessful. This annotated bibliography will explore the reasons for the film's unexpectedly poor reception. Was the film doomed to failure because audiences were not yet ready for portrayals of inter-racial romance? Was the film's success crippled by censorship from various foreign markets? Was the serious subject-matter simply ill-suited for the Depression-era climate? Most broadly, this bibliography will attempt to understand the historical context out of which Bitter Tea arose.

Is China Playing by the Rules? Free Trade, Fair Trade, and WTO Compliance

As the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Department of Commerce, Henry Levine's statement to the "Congressional -Executive Commission on China sheds light on the efforts and intentions of the U.S. government on helping the Chinese attack on IPR infringement. As bilateral merchandise trade reached nearly $150 billion by 2002, U.S. commerce has started to feel the effect of large scale Chinese piracy of its goods. Indeed, American manufacturers complain about rampant piracy of intellectual piracy and trade barriers. Despite China's commitments to cracking down, rampant piracy, fake CDs, DVDs, and pharmaceuticals cost the U.S. an estimated $20-$25 billion annually. In fact, the Business Software Alliance estimates that software piracy rates in China exceed 90%. In response, the U.S. continues to evaluate and monitor China's IPR apparatus through the annual Special 301 process, and has begun certain proactive measures to stem the piracy. The Department of Commerce has organized a series of seminars with Chinese officials conveying US views on how best to increase criminal enforcement of IPR violators.

Mr. Levine's statements illustrate the influence U.S. corporations have over foreign trade policy and the ways in which they seek to protect their goods in foreign markets. This approach differs greatly from the view and approach of the Chinese culture towards copyright infringement and the spirit behind ownership and may explain some of the chasm between U.S. and Chinese policy and enforcement. Mr. Levine's statements will help illustrate not only the scale of the Chinese piracy but also other means by which the U.S. government seeks to proactively aid the Chinese government besides trade sanction threats and lobbying for further WTO compliance.

Intellectual Property and TRIPs Compliance in China

Excerpts from this book address intellectual property rights and their protection, compliance, and enforcement in China. After China's entry into the World Trade Organization, which subsequently extended the TRIPs agreement to its borders, China has seen mixed results on its attempts to enforce the standards and statutes outlined in the TRIPs agreement. According to the authors, China's IP law currently offers protection consistent with the minimum requirement of TRIPs. However, the authors suggest that in order to elimanate some of the shortcomings of the TRIPs framework, Article 7 of TRIPS and its role must be enhanced in order to restore balance: "the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights should contribute to the promotion of technological innovation and to the transfer and dissemination of technology, to the mutual advantage of producers and users of technological knowledge and in a manner conducive to social and economic welfare, and to a balance of rights and obligations. However, the landscape of international intellectual property is changing, and the authors point out the diverging trend of multilateral institutions leaning towards securing the access of developing countries to protected content and material on reasonable terms while bilateral trade agreements continue to enforce strict copyright rules in favor of the developed nation. However, we must take TRIPs on facevalue and should be viewed as part of the broader strategy of priority setting, education, and institutional capacity building, regulaory adaptation, FDI marketing, and patent mining. Nevertheless, piracy and counterfeiting are still significant threats to right holders. The Chinese policy of administrative enforcement of copyright law often impedes its very goal due to longstanding local protectionism and cronyism as well as the internal bureaucratic rivalries that prevent the creation of a comprehesive IP strategy. However, the Chinese have instituted judicial review of these administrative decisions, increases in the maximum fines available for IP infringements, and lower thresholds for criminal liability. Although change has come at a sluggish pace and Chinese IP enforcement will never rival that of many Western nations, China has made considerable steps in order to comply with TRIPs legislation.

The general opinion seems to agree that China has come a long way in IPR enforcement, but it still has a long way to go. As the broader themes of this paper come together, this article will serve to point on many of the drawbacks of the Chinese system and what can be done to change this as well as the steps taken by China to meet the minimum requirements of the TRIPs agreement. While enforcement is still an issue, this authors make clear that we must be patient due to the extenuating circumstances of China's robust economy coupled with a lagging administrative stucture and status as a developig nation.

China Vows Harsher Punishment on Piracy

This article documents China's promise to step up its efforts to punish violators of intellectual property rights outline in the agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Proprety Rights (TRIPs). China unveiled an outline of a new enforcement policy of IPR's, eaded by the deputy director of its National Copyright Administration's copyright management bureau, Xu Chao. Their response comes after multiple please by the U.S. for the Chinese to further crackdown on IPR infringement, despite Chinese claims of significant progress. China's law stipulates a maximum of seven years i prison for copyrigh violators. However, the Chinese still do not meet international IPR protection standards. The aforementioned outline promulgated the Chinese goal to increase its self directed IPR levels within 5 years. Furthermore, the Chinese plan to fully ramp up their efforts, similar to international levels, by 2020.

This article will help illustrate some of the causes of the rampant Chinese piracy of U.S. IPR. There exists both a punitive and a cultural defecit between the two countries. The lack of genuine enforcement of IPR domestically has enfuriated U.S. copyright officials and trade czars for decades. There seems to exist a chasm between the two countries as to the moral reprehensibility of copyright ifringement, illustrated by the Chinese complancency with their progress, that may help contextualize much of the discrepancy in policy goals between the two countries. This article will serve as background support and evidence to my larger goal of first proving the enforcement of international copyright law and then documenting the trade agreements put in place to accomplish this very task.

Recontextualizing Copyright: Piracy, Hollywood, the State, and Globalization

This article draws on theories of globalization, technology, and the struggles between trade agreements and copyright objectives to place international piracy into a global context. The author, Shujen Wang, examines the the role of Hollywood in shaping trade agreements and piracy policy as well as the interconnectedness of unilateral and multilateral solutions. Specifically, Wang documents the General Agreement on Tarrifs and Trade (GATT) which led to the creation of the WTO, the growth of U.S. trade policy from the WTO's agreement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS), and the Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA). While analyzing the importance and role international piracy and copyright law play within the framework of these multinational trade agreements, Wang illustrates the necessity for copyright protection via the importance of the copyright industry in the U.S. economy. Moreover, Wang tracks the way techological developments like VCR's and DVD's have changed the moral landscape of the pirating industry and Hollywood's lobbying efforts to push for protect copyrights internationally.

This article incorporates many of the essential themes of my topic, including techology's ability to alter and push the boundaries of domestic and international copyright statutes, international piracy's role in shaping trade agreements, and the U.S.' ability to use these trade agreements to open up markets and ensure strict copyright protection for its goods. Furthermore, the article cites the specific legislation, trade organizations, and trade agreements that have been instrumental in shaping the two-pronged U.S. approach to copyright protection. Specifically with the passage of the Permanent Normal Trade Relations act with China in 1999. Overall, this article provides valuable insight into constrcting a fraework that encapsulates the complexity of Chinese piracy and how it has affected our bargaining and trade agreements and policies.

DVD Piracy in China - A Closer Look at Black Market Trade bo?=