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JSTOR: Yale French Studies, No. 60 (1980 ), pp. 141-156

The Musical Analogy
David Bordwell
Yale French Studies, No. 60, Cinema/Sound (1980), pp. 141-156

music film analogy enables thinking about film as interplay of formal systems rather than represntation of real

Film music : critical approaches / edited by K.J. Donnelly.

. Film music : critical approaches / edited by K.J. Donnelly. 0826413560 (alk. paper) series New York : Continuum, 2001.
Call#: Van Pelt Library ML2075 .F453 2001

neumeyer and buhler articles "analytical and interpretive approaches..." good

Hitchcock's music / Jack Sullivan.

Sullivan, Jack, 1946- . Hitchcock's music / Jack Sullivan. 0300110502 series New Haven [Conn.] : Yale University Press, c2006.
Call#: Van Pelt Library ML2075 .S89 2006

In Chapter 9 of his work Hitchcock's Music, Jack Sullivan discusses the score of Notorious and its role in the movie and the audience's experience. Sullivan argues that though the movie's score, composed by Roy Webb, is often overlooked by Hitchcock scholars, it is one of the best scores of any Hitchcock movie. Although Hitchcock had hoped for a more well-known composer than Webb, in the end Webb's subdued, non-flashy style and his use of dissonance and jagged rhythms fit well, even perfectly, as Sullivan argues, with Hitchcock's vision for the movie. The music, which often meshes so well with a scene that it seems to fade imperceptibly into the background, enhances the drama and danger that is written into the plot and that Hitchcock works so painstakingly to portray in the film through careful use of the camera and coaching of his actors.

The chapter provides a clear example of one of the many unexpected and unconventional elements of Notorious that, when combined with the other building blocks of the movie, creates the classic suspense for which Hitchcock is so well-known. The music is in no way a typical Hollywood film score - the tunes are not particularly catchy or melodramatic. However, Webb's varied and sometimes unsettling style works in the moment and matches the movie's plot, with its characters buried in layers of unresolved conflict and life-threatening danger, and its audience immersed in the uncomfortable coexistence of personal and political conflict embodied by both Devlin and Alicia's love vs. duty conflicts.

On the track : a guide to contemporary film scoring / Fred Karlin and Rayburn Wright ; revised by Fred Karlin ; foreword by John Williams.

Karlin, Fred. . On the track : a guide to contemporary film scoring / Fred Karlin and Rayburn Wright ; revised by Fred Karlin ; foreword by John Williams. [0415941350 (alk. paper) ] New York, NY : Routledge, 2003.
Call#: Van Pelt Library MT64.M65 K3 2003

how to but wealth of examples. Genres and Source Music; Using Melody; Using Harmony; Using Rhythm; Using Orchestration. Also on recording and the business.

ALBAN BERG'S FILMIC MUSIC: INTENTIONS AND EXTENSIONS OF THE FILM MUSIC INTERLUDE IN THE OPERA LULU A Dissertation

Melissa Ursula Dawn Goldsmith, Louisian State University and Agricultural and Mechancial College 2002

Film music 1 / edited, with an introduction by Clifford McCarty ; Rudy Behlmer ... et al.

Film music 1 / edited, with an introduction by Clifford McCarty ; Rudy Behlmer ... et al. [0824019393 (alk. paper)] New York : Garland Pub., 1989.
Call#: Van Pelt Library ML2075 .F448 1989

Fred Steiner, "What Were Musicians Saying About Movie Music During the First Decade of Sound? A Symposium of Selected Writings," 81-107.

Most frequently written about topics 1930-39 were "nature of film music and its integration with the other elements of cinema, problems of form and style, the status of the composer and his relationship with the film director, the attitudes of directors and producers toward music, the quality of current film scores, the opportunities for composers, and the pitfalls that might await them." (84) This selection focuses on functional and theoretical aspects and excludes "historical and biographical writings, discussions of composition methods or orchestration, special topics such as musicals and filmed opera, technical matters such as studio routine, recording and microphone technique, and, with a few exceptions, reviews of film scores." (84)

Darius Milhaud had written origianl scores for silent films, one of first to write about musical situation in earliets days of sound film.

Herman Closson in "The Case Against Gebrauchsmusik," Modern Music, 7/2, 15-19 (1930) discusses problem "It sometimes happens in the movies that the music suddenly asserts its rights, taking one away from the visual images into a blind world of sound." further mentions symphonic poem as regressive, mistakes of program music, hazardous impressionism.

Raybould, Britich composer for documentary films, complains of sound quality, banjo, plucked string and saxophone comee off ok but "There has as yet ben no film recording of an orchestra, or even a part of one, to my knowledge which can stand comparison with the standard tonequality of the best gramophone records." 1933 in Sight and Sound.

Virgil Thompson "To break the music with every shot or change of scene is an error and ineffective." MM: 188, 1933. echoed in coming years by Antheil, Calvocoressi and Sabaneev. problem of musical form/unity vs. visual/narrative variety.

Constant Lambert, British compower and conductor in book Music Ho! (1934): In spite of its ephemeral nature it is the only art whose progress is not at the moment depressing to watch...Films have the emotional impact for the twentieth century that operas had for the nineteenth. Pudovkin and Eisenstein are the true successors of Mussorgsky, D.W. Griffith is our Puccini, Cecil B. DeMille our Meyerbeer and Rene Clair our Offenbach. (260)

Maurice Jaubert, French composer of film music, and interesting character. "Into the raw materials of cinema - which acquire artistic meaning only from their relations to one another - music brings an unreal element which is bound to break the rules of objective realism...All its power of suggestion will serve to intensify and prolong that impression of strangeness, of departure from photographic truth, which th director is seeking." ("Music on the Screen" in Footnotes to Film, ed. Charles Davey, 1937, p. 109)

Hollywood composers Herbert Stothart (in Behind the Scenes, ed. Stephen Watts, 1939) and Ernst Toch (Modern Music 13/2, 1936) believed sound film could bring good music to "the masses." (102)

David Raksin's article "Holding a Nineteenth Century Pedal at Twentieth Century-Fox" an engaging tale of film scoring c. 1938.

Seven D. Wescott's "Miklos Rozsa's Ben-Hur:The Musical-Dramatic Function of the Hollywood Leitmotiv" a detailed blow-by-blow analysis.

Kalinak, "Mas Steiner and the Classical Hollywood Film Score: An Analysis of the Informer"

Rosar, "Stravinsky and MGM"

Suite from The river [sound recording] ; Suite from The plow that broke the plains / Thomson. Suite from L'Histoire du soldat / Stravinsky. )

Thomson, Virgil, 1896-1989. . Suite from The river [sound recording] ; Suite from The plow that broke the plains / Thomson. Suite from L'Histoire du soldat / Stravinsky. ) New York, NY : Vanguard Classics, p1994, p1991.
Call#: Van Pelt Library Ormandy Music and Media Center Van. 1 CD

Forbidden planet / Metro Goldwyn Mayer ; screen play by Cyril Hume ; produced by Nicholas Nayfack ; directed by Fred McLeod Wilcox.

first electronic music throughout; Barrons' "electronic tonalities"

On the beach / United Artists ; Lomitas Productions, Inc. ; screenplay by John Paxton ; produced and directed by Stanley Kramer.

Ernest Gold. 12-tone for nuclear reaction.

Off the planet : music, sound and science fiction cinema / edited by Philip Hayward.

Off the planet : music, sound and science fiction cinema / edited by Philip Hayward. [0861966449 ] Eastleigh, UK : John Libbey ; Bloomington, IN : distributed in North America by Indiana University Press, c2004.
Call#: Van Pelt Library PN1995.9.S26 O34 2004

Italian western : the opera of violence / by Laurence Staig and Tony Williams.

Staig, Laurence. . Italian western : the opera of violence / by Laurence Staig and Tony Williams. [0856470597 : ] London : Lorrimer in association with Futura Publications, 1975.
Call#: Van Pelt Library PN1995.9.W4 S8 1975

Strategia del ragno / RAI Radiotelevisione Italiana ; Red Film s.r.l.

Verdi and Schoenberg in Bertolucci's 'The Spider's Stratagem'
Deborah Crisp; Roger Hillman
Music & Letters > Vol. 82, No. 2 (May, 2001), pp. 251-267

Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0027-4224%28200105%2982%3A2%3C251%3AVASIB%27%3E2.0.CO%3B2-O

Art of film music : special emphasis on Hugo Friedhofer, Alex North, David Raksin, Leonard Rosenman / George Burt.

Burt, George. . Art of film music : special emphasis on Hugo Friedhofer, Alex North, David Raksin, Leonard Rosenman / George Burt. [1555531938 ] Boston : Northeastern University Press, c1994.
Call#: Van Pelt Library MT64.M65 B87 1994

Biancorosso article, part 1, vol 3 issue 1 spring 2001

Beginning Credits and Beyond: Music and the Cinematic Imagination in Echo

Diegetic music in opera and film : a similarity between two genres of drama analysed in works by Erich Wolfgang Korngold (1897-1957) / Robbert Van Der Lek.

Van Der Lek, Robbert. . Diegetic music in opera and film : a similarity between two genres of drama analysed in works by Erich Wolfgang Korngold (1897-1957) / Robbert Van Der Lek. [9051832613 ] Amsterdam ; Atlanta : Editions Rodopi, 1991.
Call#: Van Pelt Library ML410.K7356 V3 1991

Western music and its others : difference, representation, and appropriation in music / edited by Georgina Born and David Hesmondhalgh.

Western music and its others : difference, representation, and appropriation in music / edited by Georgina Born and David Hesmondhalgh. [0520220838 (cloth : alk. paper) ] Berkeley: University of California Press, c2000.
Call#: Van Pelt Library ML3795 .W45 2000

Claudia Gorbman, "Scoring the Indian: Music in the Liberal Western"

The Plainsman (1936)

Paramount hired Antheil to do "modernistic" music - Antheil calls music in long Indian scenes "the works"

Straw dogs / ABC Pictures Corp. presents ; a Daniel Melnick production ; producer, Daniel Melnick ; directed by Sam Peckinpah ; screenplay by David Zelag Goodman and Sam Peckinpah.

oscar nominated score, jerry fielding. according to imdb "Inspired by Stravinsky's Histoire Du Soldat, and with a large orchestra supplying dense, yearning sound clusters, this remarkable work gives voice to both the characters' inner turmoil and the desolate Cornish landscapes of the film's setting." cf. wild bunch

Penny serenade / Columbia Pictures presents a George Stevens production ; directed by George Stevens ; screenplay by Morrie Ryskind ; story by Martha Cheavens.

discussed in Strains of Utopia

Detour / PRC Pictures, Inc. ; produced by Leon Fromkess ; screenplay by Martin Goldsmith ; directed by Edgar G. Ulmer.

discussed in Strains of Utopia

Duel in the sun / Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ; David O. Selznick presents ; screen play by the producer, David O. Selznick ; adapted by Oliver H.P. Garrett ; directed by King Vidor.

significant score

Lost horizon / Columbia Pictures presents a Frank Capra production ; directed by Frank Capra.

first big score for tiomkin

How the West was won / Metro-Goldwyn- Mayer, Inc. ; Cinerama ; screenplay, James R. Webb ; producers, Bernard Smith, Alfred Newman ; directors, Henry Hathaway, John Ford, George Marshall.

cornerstone Hollywood Wesern score

The searchers / Warner Bros. Pictures presents the C.V. Whitney picture ; screenplay by Frank S. Nugent ; directed by John Ford ; executive producer, Merian C. Cooper; associate producer, Patrick Ford.

cornerstone of Hollywood Western score

Dances With Wolves [sound recording] : original motion picture soundtrack / music composed and conducted by John Barry.

Barry, John, 1933- . Dances With Wolves [sound recording] : original motion picture soundtrack / music composed and conducted by John Barry. Los Angeles, Calif. : Epic Records, p1990, 1995.
Call#: Van Pelt Library Ormandy Music and Media Center Epic 46982 CD

Der Rat der Gvtter / ein Defa-Film ; Produktionsleitung, Adolf Fischer ; Buch, Friedrich Wolf, Philipp Gecht ; Regie, Kurt Maetzig.

hans eisler

The Spanish earth / Contemporary Historians, Inc. ; directed by Joris Ivens ; produced by Herman Shumlin ; written by Ernest Hemingway and Joris Ivens. The 400 million / History Today, Inc. ; a film by Joris Ivens and John Ferno ; written by Joris Ivens ;

music, Marc Blitzstein (The Spanish earth), Hanns Eisler (The 400 million).

A Scandal in Paris / Aliance Film Studios ; United Artists ; Arnold Production, Inc. ; screenplay, Ellis St. Joseph ; producer, Arnold Pressburger ; director, Douglas Sirk.

hans eisler

Nuit et brouillard / une co-production Como Films, Argos Films, Cocinor [and] Janus Films ; producers, Anatole Dauman, Samy Halfon, Philippe Lifchitz ; texte, Jean Cayrol ; rialisation, Alain Resnais.

hans eisler

Journal of the Arnold Schoenberg Institute.

Journal of the Arnold Schoenberg Institute. [0146-5856 ] [Los Angeles, Arnold Schoenberg Institute, University of Southern California]
Call#: ML410.S283 A77

Hush, "Modes of Continuity in Schoenberg's Begleitmusik zu einer Lichtspielszene" suppl. to vol. 8 no. 1 (1984): 5.

Rebel without a cause / Warner Bros. Pictures presents ; a Warner Bros.-First National picture ; screen play by Stewart Stern ; adaptation by Irving Shulman from a story by Nicholas Ray ; produced by David Weisbart ; directed by Nicholas Ray.

accorrding to Ashby, Leonard Rosenman recomposed 2nd mvmt of Bartok's Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta for planetarium scene

Red River [sound recording] : film score, 1948 / Dimitri Tiomkin.

Tiomkin, Dimitri. . Red River [sound recording] : film score, 1948 / Dimitri Tiomkin. [Hong Kong] : Naxos, [2005], p2003.
Call#: Van Pelt Library Ormandy Music and Media Center Naxos 8557699 CD

Objective, Burma! [sound recording] : film score, 1945 / Franz Waxman.

Waxman, Franz, 1906-1967. . Objective, Burma! [sound recording] : film score, 1945 / Franz Waxman. [Hong Kong] : Naxos, [2005], p2000.
Call#: Van Pelt Library Ormandy Music and Media Center Naxos 8557706 CD

Egyptian [sound recording] : film music, 1954 / Bernard Hermann & Alfred Newman.

Herrmann, Bernard, 1911-1975. . Egyptian [sound recording] : film music, 1954 / Bernard Hermann & Alfred Newman. [S.l.] : Naxos, c2005, p1999.
Call#: Van Pelt Library Ormandy Music and Media Center Naxos 8557702 CD

Captain Blood and other swashbucklers [sound recording] / RoL