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Berkowitz, Leonard, Ronald Corwin, and Mark Heironimus. "Film Violence and
Subsequent Aggressive Tendencies." The Public Opinion Quarterly 27.2
(Summer 1963). 3 Apr. 2008
sici?sici=0033-362X%28196322%2927%3A2%3C217%3AFVASAT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-U>.
This article states that media violence negatively affects audiences because it attracts the innocent and incites crime. On the other hand, some researchers say violence can have beneficial effects by serving as a vicarious outlet for aggression. But, this (and supporting studies) indicates that screen violence does not function as a method of symbolic catharsis. Instead, movie violence can instigate aggressive behavior right after the scene, but most likely not long term. Furthermore, if movie violence is socially justified or the criminals are likable, people may be less inhibited to commit acts of violence.
Though this article does not directly discuss Bonnie and Clyde, one can conclude the film’s depiction of violence is worrisome and could increase the probability of aggression. Bonnie and Clyde are, to the majority of viewers, very likable and sympathetic characters, which this study says may increase one’s own propensity towards aggression. Instead of the extreme and graphic violence in this film serving as a vicarious outlet for aggression, it may actually spur more aggressive behavior. Following this corollary, the new standard of screen violence that Bonnie and Clyde created is dangerous and could lead to more violence.
Subsequent Aggressive Tendencies." The Public Opinion Quarterly 27.2
(Summer 1963). 3 Apr. 2008
sici?sici=0033-362X%28196322%2927%3A2%3C217%3AFVASAT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-U>.
This article states that media violence negatively affects audiences because it attracts the innocent and incites crime. On the other hand, some researchers say violence can have beneficial effects by serving as a vicarious outlet for aggression. But, this (and supporting studies) indicates that screen violence does not function as a method of symbolic catharsis. Instead, movie violence can instigate aggressive behavior right after the scene, but most likely not long term. Furthermore, if movie violence is socially justified or the criminals are likable, people may be less inhibited to commit acts of violence.
Though this article does not directly discuss Bonnie and Clyde, one can conclude the film’s depiction of violence is worrisome and could increase the probability of aggression. Bonnie and Clyde are, to the majority of viewers, very likable and sympathetic characters, which this study says may increase one’s own propensity towards aggression. Instead of the extreme and graphic violence in this film serving as a vicarious outlet for aggression, it may actually spur more aggressive behavior. Following this corollary, the new standard of screen violence that Bonnie and Clyde created is dangerous and could lead to more violence.
belongs to Bonnie and Clyde project
tagged aggression bonnie_and_clyde catharsis film_violence
by kingsley
...on 09-APR-08
Call#: Van Pelt Library PN1997 .B6797 2000
Prince, Stephen. “The Hemorrhaging of American Cinema: Bonnie and Clyde’s Legacy of Cinematic Violence.” Arthur Penn’s Bonnie and Clyde. Friedman, Lester D., ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
According to Stephen Prince, Bonnie and Clyde was a landmark film because it presented graphic violence in an unprecedented way and changed the future of cinema. Prince even calls Bonnie and Clyde’s ultimate death “ferocious” (127). While at the time the film was very controversial, it set a precedent for violence that is consistently surpassed in contemporary films. Prince identifies two important factors that made this extremely violent film possible. First, he says that the social unrest of the period and the extremely bloody Vietnam War put violence on the cultural agenda, and influenced the graphic scenes in Penn’s film. Furthermore, even though the movie is set in the 1930s, Penn wanted to metaphorically relate to the 1960s by presenting the idea of resisting the Establishment. Secondly, Hollywood institutions were changing and directors were gaining more creative freedom, especially because of changes to the Production Code. Bonnie and Clyde used new and cutting edge cinema techniques to enhance the action. For example, Penn used multi-camera filming, slow motion, and intercutting slow-and-normal speed action to heighten the effects of screen violence. He also drew inspiration from unique sources, and Prince identifies Japanese filmmaker Akira Kurosawa as an essential inspiration. The final (and goriest) scene in the movie draws heavily from techniques used in The Seven Samurai (1954), particularly the use of intercutting and multiple cameras to capture the action.
Penn broke tradition and overturned decades of “polite violence (139)”. Prince’s argument supports the idea that Bonnie and Clyde was a watershed film in Hollywood history, and ignited intense levels of screen violence. In fact, Bonnie and Clyde would no longer even seem violent to modern viewers because of the infinitely increasing threshold for on-screen aggression, which Prince says this film sparked. Bonnie and Clyde transformed cinematic violence to an exciting, entertaining spectacle.
According to Stephen Prince, Bonnie and Clyde was a landmark film because it presented graphic violence in an unprecedented way and changed the future of cinema. Prince even calls Bonnie and Clyde’s ultimate death “ferocious” (127). While at the time the film was very controversial, it set a precedent for violence that is consistently surpassed in contemporary films. Prince identifies two important factors that made this extremely violent film possible. First, he says that the social unrest of the period and the extremely bloody Vietnam War put violence on the cultural agenda, and influenced the graphic scenes in Penn’s film. Furthermore, even though the movie is set in the 1930s, Penn wanted to metaphorically relate to the 1960s by presenting the idea of resisting the Establishment. Secondly, Hollywood institutions were changing and directors were gaining more creative freedom, especially because of changes to the Production Code. Bonnie and Clyde used new and cutting edge cinema techniques to enhance the action. For example, Penn used multi-camera filming, slow motion, and intercutting slow-and-normal speed action to heighten the effects of screen violence. He also drew inspiration from unique sources, and Prince identifies Japanese filmmaker Akira Kurosawa as an essential inspiration. The final (and goriest) scene in the movie draws heavily from techniques used in The Seven Samurai (1954), particularly the use of intercutting and multiple cameras to capture the action.
Penn broke tradition and overturned decades of “polite violence (139)”. Prince’s argument supports the idea that Bonnie and Clyde was a watershed film in Hollywood history, and ignited intense levels of screen violence. In fact, Bonnie and Clyde would no longer even seem violent to modern viewers because of the infinitely increasing threshold for on-screen aggression, which Prince says this film sparked. Bonnie and Clyde transformed cinematic violence to an exciting, entertaining spectacle.
belongs to Bonnie and Clyde project
tagged 1960s aggression film_editing graphic_violence arthur_penn hollywood_institutions social_unrest vietnam_war production_code
by kingsley
...and 1 other person
...on 05-APR-08
A chronology of incidences of school violence involving youths.
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression aggressive_behavior violence school_violence
by jgale
...on 28-NOV-05
Electronic reprint of 2 studies conducted at Rice University about the short-term effects violent video games. Concludes that violent video games increase aggression in the short-term. The more violent the video game the more detrimental the impact of the video game is.
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression video_games aggressive_behavior violence violent_video_games
by jgale
...on 19-NOV-05
Short scientific article which discusses the findings of brain-imaging during exposure to violent video games. Proves the link between violent video games and aggression on a neurobiological level.
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression violence video_games
by jgale
...on 19-NOV-05
Thoughtful discussion of violence in video games. Also offers a comparison to violence in other forms of media. In particular, there is a rich discussion on why violent video games may have less of an impact on youths than other forms of media, and why video games may have a more ruinous impact than other media.
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression media violent_video_games violence video_games aggressive_behavior
by jgale
...on 19-NOV-05
A comprehensive meta-analysis and statistical research project of all prior studies conducted about the effects of violent video games on aggression. Sherry is skeptical that violence in video games causes aggression and believes that more research is needed.
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression video_games aggressive_behavior violent_video_games violence
by jgale
...on 19-NOV-05
Study conducted comparing the empathy & sexual arousal of rapists and nonrapists. The study found that aggressors have less empathy for victims than non-aggressors. Alternatively, rapists are less empathetic than non-rapists.
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression empathy victims aggressive_behavior violence
by jgale
...on 17-NOV-05
Describes the product, Marine Doom, a video game-like military simulator that was adapted from the popular video game, Doom II. This simulator "teaches concepts such as mutual fire team support, protection of the automatic rifleman, proper sequencing of an attack, ammunition discipline and succession of command."
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression violence violent_video_games simulators military aggressive_behavior
by jgale
...on 15-NOV-05
Theorizes that violent video game play may reduce empathy for victims. Empathy has been found to be lower among known aggressors than among nonaggressors.
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression aggressive_behavior empathy
by jgale
...on 13-NOV-05
The book explains Berkowitz's Cognitive Neoassociation Model of Aggression. It proposes that when people are repeatedly exposed to aggression they create in their minds more detailed and interconnected aggressive thought networks. Exposure to aggression can trigger related feelings and can bring to mind knowledge of aggression-related skills, memories, and beliefs.
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression aggressive_behavior violence violent_behavior
by jgale
...on 13-NOV-05
Explanation of Albert Bandura's social learning theory which essentially states that children learn what behaviors are appropriate and rewarding in a given situation through observation and reinforcement.
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression aggressive behavior violent_video_games violence
by jgale
...on 13-NOV-05
This article discusses Illinois's Governor Blagojevich's desire to ban the sale of violent video games to minors because he believes that they desensitize and contribute to kids becoming more violent.
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression video_games violent_video_games violence
by jgale
...on 09-NOV-05
The statement of the American Medical Association discusses the effects of violence in various media types on youths. In video games, they focus on the problem of "role-modeling" and video games' capacity to potentially promote "real world" violence.
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression aggressive_behavior congressional_hearing video_games violence violent_video_games
by jgale
...on 09-NOV-05
The chapter "Straight out of Doom" discusses the influence of violent video games like "Doom" and whether or not they may be partially responsible for incidents like the Columbine High shootings of 1999.
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression video_games violent_video_game violence
by jgale
...on 09-NOV-05
Provides a brief history of violent video games and discusses potential negative effects of violent video games. Also provides models and theories relating to the effects of Media Violence.
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression aggressive_behavior children video_games violent_video_games violence media
by jgale
...on 09-NOV-05
Chapter 4, "It's Important to Feel Something When You Kill", discusses the evolution in violence in video games. It explains why violent video games are popular, addictive, and dangerous. Includes a very interesting section on video games as desensitizing killing simulators and military/law enforcement usage of them.
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression aggressive_behavior kids video_games violence violent_video_games
by jgale
...on 09-NOV-05
Chapter entitled "The Prometheus Engine" in part discusses military technology that is similar to video games. With wars being waged from increasingly great distances, they're fought and seen through video game-type graphic systems. Such technology turns killing into a "game".
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression aggressive_behavior video_games violence violent_behavior
by jgale
...on 09-NOV-05
Professes that contrary to what the media may like you to believe, there is no substantial link between violent video games anf and real-life violence or crime. Also explains that further research is needed to support any conclusion
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression violent_video_games violence video_games aggressive_behavior
by jgale
...on 04-NOV-05
Provides a brief overview of existing research on the effects of violent video games. Reveals that exposure to viuolent games is linked to an increase in aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, and cardiovacular arousal. Also linked to a decrease in "helping" behavior.
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression violence violent_video_games video_games aggressive_behavior
by jgale
...on 04-NOV-05
Outlines what is known about the relationship between violent video games and aggression. Suggests that violent video games may lead to an increase in aggression, or violent behavior. Article is based on empiracle evidence and concludes that there is a need for more research in this discipline.
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression video-game video_game violence violent violent_behavior
by jgale
...and 1 other person
...on 03-NOV-05
Discussion of the controversy surrounding Mortal Kombat
i
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged Mortal_Kombat aggression aggressive_behavior violence violent_games
by jgale
...on 02-NOV-05
Discussion of two scientific studies relating to the effects of violent video games. Compares the results of these two studies to popular behavior models. Results of both studies are consistent with "the General Affective Aggression Model, which predicts that exposure to violent video games will increase aggressive behavior in both the short term and the long term"
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression aggressive_behavior video_games violence
by jgale
...on 02-NOV-05
Discussion of the violence in the video game, "Grand Theft Auto"
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression video_games violent_video_games violence grand_theft_auto aggressive_behavior
by jgale
...on 02-NOV-05
Discussion of the violence in the video game, "Grand Theft Auto"
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression aggressive_behavior video_games violent_video_games violence grand_theft_auto
by jgale
...on 02-NOV-05
Discusses the controversy surrounding the 1976 video game "Death Race"
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged Violence aggression aggressive_behavior video_games violent_video_games
by jgale
...on 02-NOV-05
Discussion of the history and evolution of violence in video games
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression aggressive_behavior violence video_games
by jgale
...on 02-NOV-05
Examination of the myths, facts, and unanswered questions relating to violence and video games
belongs to Video Games & Violence Bibliography project
tagged aggression aggressive_behavior video_games violence
by jgale
...on 02-NOV-05