Sheer, Miriam. "The Godard/Beethoven Connection: On the Use of Beethoven's Quartets in Godard's Films." The Journal of Musicology, 18.1 170-188.

This article by Miriam Sheer discusses Godard's artistic use of Beethoven's string quartert in four of his films, and how this use reflects his sensitivity to the social differentiation of musical styles. His specific mixing of musical styles in certain films emphasizes their respective social connotations, and complements the situations and personalities of the characters whom they accompany. Sheer quotes an interview with Abraham Segal in which Godard said, "I try to use music like another picture which isn't a picture, like another element. Like another sound, but in a different form."

The description of Godard's use of Beethoven in many of his films parallels a commentary on his use of jazz in Breathless. His use of jazz references the classic American crime drama, in which jazz is used to insinuate impending moments of danger.  In Breathless, jazz is used in countless situations such as when Michel picks up newspapers, which warn of his imminent arrest, and in a crescendo just before he murders a cop. The rhythmic structure of jazz as a musical genre echoes the spontaneity and improvisational nature of the film and its protagonist (Michel). In contrast to Michel's jazzy motif, Patricia is often accompanied by more orchestral, dreamy and romantical music, which is more representative of her character.