Open Access (Lund) conference proceedings

article/author fees specified for various OA publishers

he dominant project of cyberlaw is to parse the implications of the Internet's structural rules or "code." n302 Legal scholars seeking to explain the Internet's dynamism as a unified platform have emphasized a particular structural factor: the so-called "end-to-end" model. n303 An end-to-end network is one that pushes control out to the endpoints. n304 The network focuses on moving bits from one place to another, without considering what those bits contain. Any edge device, such as a computer or mobile phone, can add a new application, and those edge devices are solely responsible for factors such as reliability and security that ensure the success of that application. Because innovations do not require the consent or updating of the network core, those innovations can be deployed more quickly.n305 As edge devices become more powerful, which they do as computing power improves over time, their enhancements can immediately be joined to the network. So, new services such as Google, Skype, Hotmail, Facebook, and Amazon.com can catch on and grow rapidly, generating significantly more social and economic benefits than in a network like the PSTN, where central control nodes must approve new features. n306

The end-to-end model emphasizes only one side of the equation - the edges. The Internet gives extraordinary power to its endpoints, but it also embodies linkages between those endpoints, and between  [*400]  aggregations of systems that connect into a composite network. The fact that the edges of the network define the applications say nothing about how those edges are wired together. An endpoint can offer a brilliant innovation, but such innovation will be of no value if other endpoints cannot access it, or cannot access it easily. n307 Something more than the end-to-end principle must explain how the Internet holds together.

Several student groups from various institutions and organizations have compiled a statement containing what they believe are every student's rights when it comes to doing scholarly research. This lofty letter or declaration seems to mimic the universal declaration of human rights, except of course this has to do with research. The large majority of this declaration deals specifically with Open Access and how all copyrighted materials should be, or take the form of, Open Access works when it is being used by a student performing research. The main arguments for Open Access regard the benefits toward the advancement of scholarship, the prestige of scholars, and the enrichment of education.

The above article will be used to further the idea of the ideal librarian in the patron's minds. In particular, my essay will address university patron's (students and scholars). Using the Right to Research and citing its declaration will help to define what university students and scholars believe to be their rights when they are conducting research. Libraries are of course heavily relied upon when conducting serious scholarly research, thus the Right to Research doctrine should be something all libraries have in mind as an ideal scenario for their patrons.

This article aims to argue for the benefits of all scholarly journals being Open Access. Authors argue that non-open access journals are significantly detrimental to an authors' research impact. Their argument is that even if all journals charged an at-cost price for their content no (or very few) libraries would be able to afford all journals in this situation. The article gives excellent statistical information, including charts and grafts depicting the impact that Open Access has on citations, downloads, budgets, and institutional archive growth.

This article explores the benefits of open access publication to scholars and researchers in so much as Open Access will greatly increase their research impact because a ten-fold number of other researchers will be able to review their work. By referring to some of the statistics and information the authors of this article have compiled, I will further list the importance of why pushing publishers toward Open Access or "less astringent copyright practices" is of extreme importance in today's library fields. Undoubtedly, pushing information on why pushing publishers toward O.A. would help library's with their budgets, but also would increase library usage. However, I think it is also important to argue librarians have a duty to further scholarship, showing that O.A. helps facilitate research and increase citations and articles downloads will be an extremely efficient way of doing this.

This article elaborates as to what Open Access both is and is not. The author, Leslie Chan, argues that Open Access is not a way of circumventing Copyright, but is an important concept which needs to be adopted by any author who publishes. Chan lists some benefits to scholars, researchers, students, and libraries when adopting open access. One very important contribution to scholarship that has been seldom mentioned is that author's claim that funding for research should dramatically increased when Open Access publishing becomes more prevalent. Chan's argument is that citations, downloads, and intellectual prestige will increase as information becomes free and more easily accessible, giving government organizations and other funding institutions more reason to support researchers and scholar. Chan finally attempts to form an action plan and what steps can be taken to ensure increased open access, including the use of O.A. repositories. 

In my essay I plan to address at least two concepts in Chan's article. First I think it important to at least mention Chan's theory about funding increases for scholars who publish in Open Access resources. This may or may not bring up a discussion where I will try to incite Librarians that it is important for librarians to not only care about library budgets and bringing information to patrons, but also the need for librarians to be facilitators of research. In other words, argue that librarians should feel connected to the scholarly community even if they do not do scholarly research themselves -- librarians should want the scholarly community and scholarly communication to flourish. I do plan on addressing Chan's comment that O.A. is not a way of circumventing copyright. Though I agree O.A. is not a way of circumventing copyright, I will point out that many of the most prestigious publishers are simply not open access. Considering this, I will argue it is important to push copyright publishers toward O.A. publishing.

The above article revolves mostly around the the use of electronic reserves at university libraries and what copyright restrictions apply to the use of E-Res. Also, it discusses various court cases involving copyright and attempts to form a listing of percentages of work that could be used without infringement. By doing this the authors attempt to form a more 'objective' and concrete idea of what constitutes copyright infringement. In addition, the authors argue against using the Copyright Act of 1976 as a guideline for libraries, stating that it does not accurately depict fair use.

This article will be extremely useful to me because it attempts to objective numbers as to where copyright infringement begins and fair use ends. Also, it explains the awareness of copyright law by various individuals who work in and around a library. By using some of the information compiled from this article I intend to show how unlikely it is to expect a librarian to do the calculations and to have a cogent knowledge of what is fair-use and what constitutes infringement. Also, by concurring with this article's authors on the unreliability of the copyright act of 1976 to accurately define fair use for libraries will help to build the credibility of my argument.

Note: Lexis Nexis doesn't give persistent links (or else I am unable to find where they do) in order to retrieve this article simply search for "a lay perspective on the copyright wars" with only the legal box checkmarked and it will be the first result.

In this Lecture, Columbia University's University Librarian, James G. Neal, addresses the current environment of libraries in regards to copyright and open access. Neal's lecture mostly addresses the findings of the 108 Study Group which was formed to research copyright. Neal explains the current state of copyright, the findings of the 108 Study Group, and the framework necessary in order to facilitate a more open environment for publications and libraries. Neal's lecture defines the library as an all encompassing entity which disseminates information, a center for research, a publisher in its own right. Because of the library's role as a center for just about everything scholarly, the library has a vision of embracing legacy as well as current trends. The library is an information repository and a portal to information. Serving so many roles simultaneously makes the library at the forefront of the copyright war.

In my essay it will be important to state why it is the duty of the librarian to rebel against copyright in order to push for more open access. Neal helps define the library as the center of the copyright war, the very front of the action. By citing Neal and his 108 Study Group's findings, I will be able to convey the importance of the librarian to stand up against copyright in order to defend the very embodiment and idea of the library itself. Neal's article also gives information on the opninion of librarians and library organizations on the issue of copyright and open access. Using some of this information will help me to define how to faciliate a better enviornment for the sharing of intellectual materials.

U.S. Code Title 17 is the definitive legal resource for the U.S. Laws regardining copyright. This resource has relevant information on what constitutes copyright infringement and what actions are needed to remedy said infringements. 

I will use the above resource as a primary source. This source will help me to define exactly what copyright infringement is according to the law. The above material will help me to define what actions a librarian could take when addressing sensitive copyrighted materials. By knowing the extent of the law I could then determine what are suitable actions to take when coming in contact with something which is questionable -- and in turn what is definitively illegal -- in order to argue for what actions a librarian could take to "push the envelope" on copyright law.

The above articles attempts to comprehensively define Open Access, listing the various iterations of Open Access as it is defined differently by whom is using it. The article then tries to unify the definition of Open Access or at least define Open Access in their own terms. From which point the authors address the goals of the Open Access movement or what is the intended outcome by spporters of Open Access. The author gives a fairly decent job at illuminating some of the struggles toward the adoption of a universal open access policy, but also lists the benefits of a universal Open Access policy. The article gives multiple viewpoints to Open Access (Advocates, Critics, Observers)...

I plan to use this article as an information resource showing what benefits there are to Open Access resources. By using this articles definition of Open Access and mentioning some of its lofty goals for Universal Open Access, I intend to show in my essay what the benefits would be for Librarians to push publishers toward open access by knowing ways "around" copyright. In other words, I will use examples from this article to show what benefits there are for librarians to legally circumvent copyrighted materials and "play dumb" when it comes to copyrighted works.

Portal designed to aggregate material to provide training, knowledge development, and skills for the implementing of OA repositories and OA journals.

Several student groups have issued a statement to jointly back the open access movement in which scholarly research is shared online and free. The student statement argues for open access as the best way to share knowledge. "Scholarly knowledge is part of the common wealth of humanity," says the statement. "Unfortunately, not everyone has access to the scholarly literature, despite advances in communications technology." The statement was endorsed by the American Medical Student Association, Student PIRGs, Students for Free Culture, Universities Allied for Essential Medicines, the California Institute of Technology Graduate Student Council and the Trinity University Association of Student Representatives.

First Monday, vol. 14, no. 4, 6 April 2009 by Bill Cope and Mary Kalantzis

in Academic matters: The Journal of Higher Education by Leslie Chan, April 14, 2009

CHE, May 16, 2008

Feb. 2009 joint statement of AAU, ARL, CNI & NASULGC

Restricted access to this article published online 7 April 2009 in NATURE: DOI: 10.1038/438690a

ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Material Archiving Policies)

John Willinsky's blog on Sept. 28th 2008

Charles Bailey

This list of Penn-affiliated authors, editors and reviewers has not been verified by U Penn.

March 2009 report of the UK's Research Information Network

The Research Information Network and Universities UK have produced a guide (March 2009) to provide advice on paying open access publication charges: that is, fees levied by some journals for the publication of scholarly articles so that they can be made available free of charge to readers, immediately upon publication. The guide also sets out recommendations for universities and other research institutions, publishers, research funders, and authors.

On 7 November 2008, the directors of the law libraries at the University of Chicago, Columbia University, Cornell University, Duke University, Georgetown University, Harvard University, New York University, Northwestern University, the University of Pennsylvania, Stanford University, the University of Texas, and Yale University met in Durham, North Carolina at the Duke Law School. That meeting resulted in the "Durham Statement on Open Access to Legal Scholarship," which calls for all law schools to stop publishing their journals in print format and to rely instead on electronic publication coupled with a commitment to keep the electronic versions available in stable, open, digital formats.

14 October 2008. PEER (Publishing and the Ecology of European Research), supported by the European Union, will investigate the effects of the large-scale systematic depositing of authors' final peer-reviewed manuscripts (so called Green Open Access or stage-two research output) on reader access, author visibility, and journal vability, as well as on the broader ecology of European research. The project is a collaboration between publishers, repositories and researchers and will last from 2008 to 2011.

As of this month, Journal of Biology initiates a 're-review opt-out scheme' whereby once authors have revised their paper in response to peer review it is their choice whether the reviewers see it again. The experiment was inspired by the widespread frustration with current peer review practices and is strongly supported by a majority of the Editorial Board of the journal.

One signature at a time, national research agencies and university libraries have pledged to support a radical new system that would replace expensive subscriptions to leading journals with membership in a nonprofit group. The new organization would then dole out money to journal publishers, while pushing them to distribute all articles free online and to keep their prices in check.
The group is called Scoap³, the Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics.

The University of California libraries and Springer Science+Business Media (Springer) have concluded a groundbreaking experimental agreement to support open access publishing by UC authors. The arrangement is part of the journals license negotiated by the California Digital Library on behalf of the 10 campuses of the University of California.

Under the terms of the agreement, articles by UC-affiliated authors accepted for publication in a Springer journal beginning in 2009 will be published using Springer Open Choice with full and immediate open access. There will be no separate per-article charges, since costs have been factored into the overall license. Articles will be released under a license compatible with the Creative Commons (by-nc: Attribution, Non-commercial) license. In addition to access via the Springer platform, final published articles will also be deposited in the California Digital Library's eScholarship Repository.

The University of California-Springer agreement is the first large-scale open access experiment of its type undertaken with a major commercial publisher in North America.

"This is a community music remixing site featuring remixes and samples licensed under Creative Commons licenses. You are free to download and sample from music on this site and share the results with anyone, anywhere, anytime. Some songs might have certain restrictions, depending on their specific licenses. Each submission is marked clearly with the license that applies to it."

But are faculty members really embracing new models of scholarly communication? According to a report issued this week by the Association of Research Libraries (ARL), carried out by Ithaka, the answer appears to be yes.

The report, "Current Models of Digital Scholarly Communication," was conceptual­ized as a "field study," based on conversations, designed to "look squarely at new forms of scholarship and scholarly works and consider them in their own lights." While the approach was not "statistically" meaningful, it revealed a rich cross-section of what innovation in digital scholarly resources looks like today. Among the principal types of digital scholarly resources identified: e-only journals; reviews; preprints and working papers; encyclopedias; dictionaries and annotated content; blogs and discussion forums; and professional and scholarly hubs.

Collaboratively built legal encyclopedia and dictionary from Cornell's Legal Information Institute.

PEER (Publishing and the Ecology of European Research), supported by the European Union, will investigate the effects of the large-scale systematic depositing of authors' final peer-reviewed manuscripts (so called Green Open Access or stage-two research output) on reader access, author visibility, and journal vability, as well as on the broader ecology of European research. The project is a collaboration between publishers, repositories and researchers and will last from 2008 to 2011.

Open-access, free patent informatics resource.  It serves as the cyberinfrastructure platform for the Initiative for Open Innovation.

Within hours of last week's hearing on the Fair Copyright in Research Works Act, a sweeping, publisher-supported bill that would ban public access measures similar to the National Institutes of Health's (NIH), lawmakers all but ruled out action on the bill in 2008.

Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE) is a peer reviewed, open access, online journal devoted to the publication of biological research in a video format.

Journal of Transport and Land Use The Journal of Transport and Land Use (JTLU) is a free, open-access, and peer-reviewed publication that welcomes articles on topics at the interdisciplinary intersection of transport and land use, including research from the domains of engineering, planning, modeling, behavior, economics, geography, regional science, sociology, architecture and design, network science, and complex systems.

"A compendium of simple factual lists about open access (OA) to science and scholarship, maintained by the OA community at large. By bringing many OA-related lists together in one place, OAD will make it easier for users, especially newcomers, to discover them and use them for reference. The easier they are to maintain and discover, the more effectively they can spread useful, accurate information about OA." Founded by Peter Suber and Robin Peek.

Mashup using data from ROAR and OpenDOAR

Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics

A consortium facilitates Open Access publishing in High Energy Physics by re-directing subscription money. This answers the request of the High Energy Physics community.

Today: (funding bodies through) libraries buy journal subscriptions to support the peer-review service and allow their patrons to read articles.

Tomorrow: funding bodies and libraries contribute to the consortium, which pays centrally for the peer-review service. Articles are free to read for everyone.

The Journal is open access. Articles accepted and published in the Journal will be free to read for anyone with internet access. This increases the visibility of scientific communication, both to other researchers and to the public at large. The research will not be held captive by for-profit publishers or buried in stacks of university libraries. All papers accepted for publication will be licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License 3.0 .

The Journal is free to publish in. Unlike some open access journals, there are no fees for publishing in the journal. The Journal is operated on a volunteer basis with some institutional support from the Center for Transportation Studies at the University of Minnesota. The costs are reduced as there is no paper version of the Journal, which is online-only.

The Journal is peer-reviewed. All scientific articles are reviewed by other researchers in the field for their scientific merit on questions of transport and land use (including originality, accuracy, relevance, importance, and transparency - including comprendibility and reproducability). Reviews, Opinion, and Commentary are reviewed by the editors.

As we learned in Lessig's book, there are barriers to access of creative works beyond the strictures of copyright law, including licensing agreements and cost constraints. As a major research university, Penn produces a tremendous amount of valuable, copyrightable content. However, Penn authors often do not keep rights to their work and the University must buy back the work from journal publishers with considerable restrictions on use. This guide describes ways that faculty and other authors can negotiate with journal publishers to maintain some rights to their own works while continuing to participate in the publication of research articles.

Scholarly Communication: Information about journal prices, copyright, open access, and more

Scholarly communication is the lifeblood of the university. The dissemination of knowledge is an imperative of land grant universities like Illinois. Anything that threatens access to, or the free flow of, research and ideas is a threat to the health of the entire system

Peter Suber is the guru of Open Access, so much so that I believe he is no longer teaching but devoting his time to this lobbying for this issue.

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