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Aviva Briefel. "Monster Pains: Masochism, Menstruation, and Identification in the Horror Film. " Film Quarterly  58.3 (2005): 16-27. Alumni - Research Library. ProQuest.  1 Dec. 2008 <http://www.proquest.com/>

In Monster Pains: Masochism, Menstruation, and Identification in the Horror Film, Briefel discusses the role of masochism and menstruation in the audience’s identification with the film’s monster in classic horror films, such as Dracula (1931) and Frankenstein (1931).  He analyzes the way different monsters appeal to the audience.  He proposes a theory of the gendering of the pain felt by the monster and how it can elicit the audience’s identification with it or sympathy for it.  He posits that the symbolically menstrual elements of Dracula would have drawn audiences to the film.

Grigg. "ZIONISTS WARNED AGAINST TERRORISM :Grigg Says It Will Cost Them Christian World's Help-- Palestine Debated. " New York Times (1857-Current file) [New York, N.Y.] 4 Jan. 1945,11-11. ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851 - 2004). ProQuest. University of Pennsylvania Library, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 8 Apr. 2008

In this New York Times Article, Grigg establishes how important public relations is in the Palestinian turmoil. In order for the Jews to gain independence and establish a state of their own, he recognizes that they will need the support of the British community and especially the world’s Christian community. Additionally, he believes that the Irgun is ruining this support with every attack and soon will lose any help from Christians. The Irgun’s attacks detract from the Jewish cause and the identity as “underdogs” and a decimated people. The terror of the holocaust loses its impact when, as Grigg puts it, the Irgun acts with a “regular type of Nazi gangsterism.” The article goes on to discuss a proposed 1 million-person immigration into Palestine. Though the United States supports the proposal, it seems the British will not accept this plan. Continuing, the article seems to admit that the situation will eventually become too difficult for the British to handle and must be turned over to international hands at the United Nations.


In discussing this article, one must realize the relationship between the Irgun and Haganah in the movie. Exodus portrays the Haganah in a favorable light, bringing positive publicity and trying to build a State of Israel by social and peaceful means. On the other hand, throughout the movie, Haganah leaders constantly blame the Irgun for ruining the Jewish cause and hampering their ability to successfully establish a state. They believe that the Irgun is destroying relations with the British and adding to their conflict, which is already on the edge. While the Haganah tries to enhance their cause diplomatically, the Irgun continues to damage public relations. However, the Irgun also creates a very interesting issue as their acts, though violent, intensify media attention. Every violent act against the British brings more attention and it becomes clearer every day that the British cannot handle the Irgun and will have to leave Palestine.